![]() ![]() Some movements are now powerful insurgent forces, controlling territory, supplanting the state and ruling with a calibrated mix of coercion and co-option. The reach of “jihadists” (a term Crisis Group uses reluctantly but that groups this report covers self-identify with a fuller explanation for its use is on page 2) has expanded dramatically over the past few years. Most important is that action against “violent extremism” not distract from or deepen graver threats, notably escalating major- and regional-power rivalries. Vital, too, is to de-escalate the crises they feed off and prevent others erupting, by nudging leaders toward dialogue, inclusion and reform and reacting sensibly to terrorist attacks. This means distinguishing between groups with different goals using force more judiciously ousting militants only with a viable plan for what comes next and looking to open lines of communication, even with hardliners. Reversing their gains requires avoiding the mistakes that enabled their rise. They have exploited wars, state collapse and geopolitical upheaval in the Middle East, gained new footholds in Africa and pose an evolving threat elsewhere. ![]() The Islamic State (IS), al-Qaeda-linked groups, Boko Haram and other extremist movements are protagonists in today’s deadliest crises, complicating efforts to end them. ![]()
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